解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Tumor progression is the continual selection of variant subpopulations of malignant cells that have acquired increasing levels of genetic instability (Nowell Science 1976, 194, 23-28). This instability is manifested as chromosomal aneuploidy or translocations, viral integration or somatic mutations that typically affe...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/15376516.2011.562759
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study applied broccoli and cauliflower extracts (whole, floret, and stem) to zebrafish larvae in parallel to receive 100 mJ/cm(2) of UVB six times, and recorded their fin malformation phenotypes. Chemopreventive effects of each group, including UVB, whole-, floret-, and stem-extracts of broccoli and cauliflower o...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2010.529191
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was to evaluate the protective effects of Danshensu on liver injury induced by omethoate in Sprague Dawley rats. The acute omethoate poisoning model was established by administrating subcutaneously with omethoate at a single dose of 60 mg/kg. Danshensu treatment markedly inhibited the increases of aspartate...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2010.514963
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical use of doxorubicin continues to be challenged by its undesirable systematic toxicity, caused mainly by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of fullerenol C(60)(OH)(24) polyanion nanoparticles, an antioxidant agent, against doxorubicin-induced nephro-, testicular, and pu...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2010.485622
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Limited information is available regarding systemic changes in mammals associated with exposures to petroleum/hydrocarbon fuels. In this study, systemic toxicity of JP-8 jet fuel was observed in a rat inhalation model at different JP-8 fuel vapor concentrations (250, 500, or 1000 mg/m(3), for 91 days). Gel electrophor...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376511003681009
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors have previously shown that high alcohol preference rats (HAP) have a significantly higher sensitivity than low alcohol preference rats (LAP) for methamphetamine (MAP). In this study, changes in dopamine and serotonin release induced by MAP (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) after pre-treatment with D1 and D2 rec...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376511003621658
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium is one of the most toxic elements to which man can be exposed at work or in the environment. By far, the most salient toxicological property of Cd is its exceptionally long half-life in the human body. Once absorbed, Cd accumulates in the human body, particularly in the liver and other vital organs. The cellul...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376510903325670
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress in biological systems can result in radical-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO), which can lead to the production of secondary reactive by-products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), acrolein, and acetaldehyde. These deleterious compounds are known to react with and concomitantly m...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510903104224
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A potency of newly-developed oximes (K156, K203) and commonly used oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate cyclosarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and to reduce cyclosarin-induced acute toxic effects was evaluated in this study. In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited blood and tissue ac...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510903019307
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to investigate the effects of aqueous Azadirchta Indica leaf extract (AAILE) on serum glycoprotein contents and tumor incidence rate in colon of rats subjected to Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) treatment. Forty rats were divided equally and randomly into four groups viz., Group I (normal contro...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802646523
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, 162 samples were analysed for monomer styrene content with using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in hot tea, milk, cocoa milk. The monomer styrene content, expressed in microg/l of drink and the level of migration of styrene monomer were varied from 0.61 to 8.15 for hot tea, from 0....
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802510299
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fusarium mycotoxin toxicosis has been implicated in the etiology of Keshan disease, an endemic mitochondrial cardiomyopathy prevailing in certain areas of China. Butenolide (4-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone) is one of the Fusarium mycotoxins which are frequently detected from cereal grains in endemi...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802322802
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of an adenosine A(1) selective agonist, phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA), on metamidophos-induced cholinergic symptoms, mortality, diaphragm muscle necrosis, and brain oxidative stress. A LD(50) dose of metamidophos (20 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) was fo...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802355141
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was conducted to evaluate the sublethal effects of a synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin on ATPase, and glycogen phosphorylase in gill, kidney, liver, and muscle tissue of freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn) during exposure and cessation of exposure. Thirty-six fish were exposed to 1/3 of LC 50 ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802205650
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol metabolism is accompanied by generation of free radicals that damage cell components, especially lipids. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the preventive effect of black tea on the lipid oxidative modifications in different tissues (plasma, liver, brain, kidney, stomach, lung, intes...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701624050
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Owing to their structure and function, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are particularly susceptible to the oxidative modifications. To prevent against oxidative modification of LDL, L-carnitine, with endogenous small water-soluble quaternary amine possessing antioxidative properties, was used. The aim of this paper wa...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701623508
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Oxidative damage to cellular constituents is one of the major mechanisms of alcoholic liver injury, and administration of antioxidants ameliorates alcoholic liver disease. The present study investigated the influence of (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol component of green tea, on oxidant...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701884985
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The purpose of this study, carried out in Wistar rats, was to evaluate the protective effect of dietary restriction (performed by intermittent fasting) against oxidative stress induced by a low concentration of nickel chloride in kidney, liver, uterus, and ovary. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), catalase activity,...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802338766
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Dermal exposure to JP-8 petroleum jet fuel leads to toxicological responses in humans and rodents. Serum profiling is a molecular analysis of changes in the levels of serum proteins and other molecules in response to changes in physiology. This present study utilizes serum profiling approaches to examine biom...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701697072
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CTN) are two mycotoxins, quite common contaminants, that can occur jointly in a wide range of food commodities. Both mycotoxins have several toxic effects but both share a significant nephrotoxic potential since OTA and CTN were reported to be responsible for naturally occurri...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701556682
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT This paper presents the results from an evaluation of the noncommercial, (quantitative) structure-activity relationship ([Q]SAR) models for the prediction of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, carried out in a collaboration between the European Chemicals Bureau Group on Computational Toxicology and the Italian...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701857056
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The ideal toxicity biomarker is composed of the properties of prediction (is detected prior to traditional pathological signs of injury), accuracy (high sensitivity and specificity), and mechanistic relationships to the endpoint measured (biological relevance). Gene expression-based toxicity biomarkers ("sign...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701857072
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Triptolide is a diterpene triepoxide isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal vine Trypterygium wilfordii hook f. (T. wilfordii). It possesses multiple biological activities, such as antitumor, immunosuppression, and antifertility. Previous studies suggested that triptolide might be a potential candida...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802192882
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT When two toxicants overtly producing similar effects are given together, the effect of the combination may either be equal to the algebraic sum of their individual effects or may be more than or less than the algebraic sum of their individual effects. Therefore, to ascertain the nature of interaction precisel...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510601177654
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of chlorpyrifos (CP, an organophosphate) and deltamethrin (DM, a pyrethroid pesticide) treatments at low and high doses and their combination on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and also AChE activ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701380463
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The first aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides' exposure in viniculture and tobacco production workers via physical examination (neurology and general health aspect) and analysis of paraoxonase (PON1) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities. The second aim was ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510601094115
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes received a control diet and a pyridoxine-deficient diet. The animals were divided at random into four groups: control rats (CR), control diabetic rats (CDR), diabetic rats receiving a pyridoxine-free diet (DRB6), and diabetic rats receiving saline solution...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510601003744
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Although copper is an essential metal and cadmium is an environmental pollutant, both are toxic when present in excess. Metallothionein and glutathione are two of the key components that participate in detoxification of copper and cadmium. In the present study the role of glutathione in resistance to copper a...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510601091392
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Body packers are people who illegally carry drugs, mostly cocaine as well as opium and/or heroin, concealed within their bodies. The packets are inserted in the mouth, rectum, or vagina in order to get across borders without being detected. In this presentation we report a case of an opium body packer and rev...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510600992574
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The effect of sodium selenite, alpha-tocopherol, and their combination was studied in the hemic system of goat. Incubation of goat blood with selenium and vitamin E for 24 h resulted in a decrease in hemoglobin concentrations in Se-and vitamin E-treated groups, whereas no change in the osmotic fragility was o...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510600860375
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report explores the direct counting of "hair-like" struc-tures specific for Gram-positive bacteria. Indications show that these structures are intact after removal from the cell and are sufficiently different from species to species of bacteria to give an indication of bacteria type if not actual identification. ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510600910477
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicogenomics has evolved into a useful technique for providing greater mechanistic insights into adverse effects that will spur the development of novel approaches for identifying and understanding toxicity issues. The ability to capture a snapshot of the transcriptome at any given time during the development of an ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520600558317
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reported myocardial pathology resulting from increased levels of catecholamines in vivo has led us to investigate the effect of adrenalin on the gap junction proteins connexin 40 (Cx40) and Cx43 and the possible relationship to vascular toxicity. Adrenalin and its known metabolites, adrenochrome and adrenolutin, were ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520600632039
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present investigation acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was estimated in erythrocytes from blood samples exposed to four commonly used organophosphorus pesticides in vitro. The aim of the study was to determine the IC50 concentration of the pesticides monocrotophos, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and acephate as inhibitor...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520600719281
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last years, much attention was focused on the measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) as a marker of oxidative DNA damage. Among various analytical techniques, the (32)P-postlabeling assay has been applied in determination of 8-oxo-dG. However, artefactual DNA oxidation could take plac...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520600616909
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The implications of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism for lead kinetics and toxicity have been mainly studied in occupationally exposed adults. Therefore, our purpose was to evaluate the distribution of ALAD genotype and its association with biomarkers of exposure (PbB levels) and effect (Blood...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520500191946
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral cocaine administration results in hepatic necrosis, increased plasma transaminase concentration, and decreased antioxidative capability, which is potentiated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in male CF-1 mice. Females administered the same treatment regimen display none of the hepatotoxic effects seen in their male co...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/153765291009840
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract The effects of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHTAM) on the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induced by Ca(2+) plus peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) or phenylarsine oxide (PhAsO) were studied to clarify its mechanisms of MPT inhibition. Ca(2+) plus ONOO(-) induced mitochondrial swelling, membrane potential (Delta Psi)...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520590918793
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of the industrial revolution has seen a significant increase in the number of new chemical entities (NCEs) released in the environment. It becomes imperative to check the toxic potential of NCEs to nontarget species before they are released for commercial purposes because some of these may exert genotoxicit...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520590945667
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal disease is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is not well understood, but hyperglycemia seems to be a crucial factor. Recent evidence indicates that the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, observed in both clinical and experimental diabetes, and mitochondr...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520590968806
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00